@emmettmacfarlane.com:
There were never any true pandemic “lockdowns”. The closest we came was March 2020, when most people stayed home from work for a few weeks, and we all learned about Zoom and Teams.
In fact, had we acted appropriately, we could have prevented 10s of thousands of unnecessary deaths, especially in long-term care facilities. Had we acted sooner with each ‘wave’ of the pandemic, school closures and other inconveniences would have been shorter. But we didn’t…
And we didn’t in large part due to weak governance and misinformation – sometimes even from purported experts or medical officers of health who downplayed the importance of masks, and clung to a meaningless ‘6 foot rule’ for indoor spaces, and were scared to impose meaningful mandates.
And some down right lied, like Dr. Bonnie Henry, wearing designer shoes, urging kindness, secretly studying kids getting sick with COVID and bringing it home and later publishing a paper on the data, while publicly saying kids don’t get or transmit it.
@caulfieldtim.bsky.social:
Lockdown revisionism www.cmaj.ca/content/195/…
We wrote about COVID spin 3 yrs ago.
We worried that if the narrative becomes dominant, it will do grave long-term harm.
Well, it has become dominant. The doubtmongering & lies –about vaccines & public health measures – have been absorbed.
@cougsta.bsky.social:
After the things I see people do and the things I hear people say, you can’t tell me Covid infections haven’t negatively impacted people’s brain/personality/comprehension. It’s like things are fragmented.I see it too.
JFC, you have a nerve Dr. Henry, after the years of harms, suffering and deaths you and your lies caused – including saying kids do not get or transmit COVID, you pimp kindness again instead of urging us to mask?
Dear CBC, public health protections were implemented, not “restrictions.” Your Fucker Trucker enabling reporting cost Canada $billions and sickened and killed many.
@jeffgilchrist.bsky.social:
…
Right now, the youngest age group 0-4 currently have a hospitalization rate due to COVID that are 9x higher than age 5-17, 9x higher than age 18-49, and 2.6x higher than adults 50-64. 5/
You can see from the graph that children age 0-4 actually make up a significant percentage of hospital admissions due to COVID. The rate for age 0-4 is often similar to and sometimes even higher than the 65-74 age group. 6/
…
Children age 0-4 had the third highest rate of any age group. In Ontario, children age 0-4 had rates 7.4x higher than age 5-11, 5.2x higher than age 12-17, 2x higher than adults age 18-39 and 1.5x higher than adults 40-59. 14/
…
Clearly children, especially our youngest, can become seriously ill when infected with COVID requiring hospitalization and these elevated rates continue today with children age 0-4 being the third and sometimes second highest among all age groups. 16/
This isn’t even taking into account the long-term damage that COVID infection can cause in children who aren’t hospitalized and unborn fetuses which make up a much larger proportion
You can find my weekly Ontario stats including variants at ( covid.gilchrist.ca/Ontario.html ). 18/
***
A little Sordid Dr. Henry History:
2024.10.22: How the coronavirus defeats the innate immune response Press Release by Kobe University
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has an enzyme that can counteract a cell’s innate defense mechanism against viruses, explaining why it is more infectious than the previous SARS and MERS-causing viruses. The Kobe University discovery may point the way to the development of more effective drugs against this and possibly similar, future diseases.
A section of Goodsell et al.’s magnificent “Integrative illustration for coronavirus outreach” highlighting the packaging of the viral genetic material (in pink) by the scaffold “nucleocapsid protein” (in light purple). The cell’s immune system attaches a tag (not pictured) to this protein, disabling its ability to form aggregates and thus preventing the virus from being assembled. However, the novel coronavirus has an enzyme (not highlighted) that can remove the tag and thus evade the innate immune system’s defense mechanism. © 2020 Goodsell et al., DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000815 (CC BY)
When a virus attacks, the body’s immune response has two basic layers of defense: the innate and the adaptive immune systems. While the adaptive immune system grows stronger against a specific pathogen as the body is exposed to it multiple times and which forms the basis of vaccinations, the innate immune system is an assortment of molecular mechanisms that work against a broad range of pathogens at a basic level. The Kobe University virologist SHOJI Ikuo says, “The new coronavirus, however, is so infectious that we wondered what clever mechanisms the virus employs to evade the innate immune system so effectively.”
Shoji’s team previously worked on the immune response to hepatitis viruses and investigated the role of a molecular tag called “ISG15” the innate immune system attaches to the virus’s building blocks. Having learned that the novel coronavirus has an enzyme that is especially effective in removing this tag, he decided to use his team’s expertise to elucidate the effect of the ISG15 tag on the coronavirus and the mechanism of the virus’s countermeasures.
In a paper in the Journal of Virology, the Kobe University-led team is now the first to report that the ISG15 tag gets attached to a specific location on the virus’s nucleocapsid protein, the scaffold that packages the pathogen’s genetic material. For the virus to assemble, many copies of the nucleocapsid protein need to attach to each other, but the ISG15 tag prevents this, which is the mechanism behind the tag’s antiviral action. “However, the novel coronavirus also has an enzyme that can remove the tags from its nucleocapsid, recovering its ability to assemble new viruses and thus overcoming the innate immune response,” explains Shoji.
The novel coronavirus shares many traits with the SARS and MERS viruses, which all belong to the same family of viruses. And these viruses, too, have an enzyme that can remove the ISG15 tag. However, Shoji’s team found that their versions are less efficient at it than the one in the novel coronavirus. And in fact, it has been reported recently that the previous viruses’ enzymes have a different primary target. “These results suggest that the novel coronavirus is simply better at evading this aspect of the innate immune system’s defense mechanism, which explains why it is so infectious,” says Shoji.
But understanding just why the novel coronavirus is so effective also points the way to developing more effective treatments. The Kobe University researcher explains: “We may be able to develop new antiviral drugs if we can inhibit the function of the viral enzyme that removes the ISG15 tag. Future therapeutic strategies may also include antiviral agents that directly target the nucleocapsid protein, or a combination of these two approaches.”
Acknowledgements
This research was funded by the Kansai Economic Federation, the Hyogo Science and Technology Association (grant 3501) and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Japan (grant 18042-203556). It was conducted in collaboration with researchers from Universitas Gadjah Mada, Niigata University, the University of Yamanashi, Hokkaido University and Osaka University.
Original publication
A.F. Rhamadianti et al.: SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibits ISGylation of the viral nucleocapsid protein to evade host anti-viral immunity. Journal of Virology (2024). DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00855-24
Dr. Sean Mullen@drseanmullen:
The name “Covid” was chosen to downplay the fact that this virus is actually a betacoronavirus, related to the SARS outbreak that hit China and Canada hard in 2003 (SARS-CoV-1). SARS-CoV-2 is even more dangerous, but branding it as “Covid” diverted attention from the need for a stronger public health response.
What we need is to educate people. Period.
Tom Jackman@frozen Oct 22, 2024:
Dr. Bonnie Henry just now:
“If you’ve had covid recently, you’ve had a boost to your immunity. So that’s a good thing.”
No, Dr. Henry, getting covid is NEVER a good thing. It won’t help or improve your immune system. Your immune system isn’t a muscle, and covid isn’t the flu.
I can’t believe it’s almost 2025 and Henry’s still repeating this thoroughly disproven nonsense.
Dr. Henry can claim she’s following the science all she wants,
but the science says otherwise: every single covid infection damages your body’s major systems in measurable ways.
… Henry said many things that were just provably untrue. … The dangerous messaging from these people is still actively causing harm. They have an agenda, and it isn’t our health.
gabi.t.@gabituto1:
Wow. What an awful terrible no-good take on Covid, year 5. That woman needs to be removed from her platform and position, as she is causing so much harm. Shameful.
Deb N-T @tryna_do_rite:
This woman is lying. This woman should not be involved in healthcare.
Kristy@Kristy91808800:
I just can’t she’s too pro illness for me
She’s evil as are the many ooozing awards and honourary degrees on her. FFS She studied BC kids (without parental permission) getting SARS2 in schools, taking it home to infect families while publicly lying, stating kids don’t transmit it.
The Yeti of Kananaskis@kananaskinyeti:
Did Bonnie Henry seem a bit hesitant to you? Did her voice shake a lot more when compared to previous announcements? Her language was minimizing but she didn’t come off as confident at all. I think she’s terrified about the coming winter. I think in a way, we all should be
Cristine Guenter @ChristineGuent8:
Lots of lies told. She seemed to shift into a defensive tone every time she said something untrue. She knows she can be disproven but she must keep the narrative up. She doesn’t give a hoot about winter, or people, or Covid. She’s afraid of accountability, hence the pretence.
Carol@carolandmocha:
I wonder what compromat they have on her. She was completely spooked
Lisa C G Ford@Lisa_C_Ford:
I couldn’t even make it to the two minute mark
chantzy@chantz_y:
I missed it but it’s probably for the better for mental health. And here we go again…
Tom Jackman@frozen:
Solidarity. I stopped watching midway through after my head exploded from disbelief.
Sasha STILL N95 MASKED Dryden@SashaDryden:
My head explodes if I hear her voice or see her face & I become murderous. So for my BP & the lives of others, I skip. She’s just lying or minimizing or gaslighting anyway so not new or valuable info.
Christine Caron @cmpcaron_caron:
She needs to removed… she played the same game in 2003 costing lives, this is a bigger game and she is very responsible for lives lost and needs to be accountable.
@Mark_Ungrin:
If getting COVID is a bad thing (spoiler: it very much is), then Dr. Henry has an immense amount of blood on her hands.
That is why the budget and office of the PHO is being abused to cover up the immense harm she has done.
Dee@unicornsftw:
Dolores Umbridge vibes. She sounds so “sweet”, but what she does is harm our children and our communities, because her ego or something else demands this continuous pool of infectious disease. Despicable.
@ChristineGuent8:
Politicians like @dave_eby @adriandix @bcndp @BCNDPCaucus hide behind Henry’s skirts.
Blood is on all of their hands…It’s even more disgusting and sickening that they’re using taxpayer monies (our money) to lie to, disable, and kill constituents.
Lacey@LaceyLaceyp:
Whenever you think she can’t get worse. What’s so disturbing is how influential she is, not only in BC but across Canada
Juanita Jackson@WestcoastBCLife:
No – Dr. Bonnie Henry – Covid is not ok and there is no such thing as herd immunity. Your science is false. The govt that continues to employ you has done massive damage to the health of people in BC. Vaccines were withheld to give perception this is respiratory seasonal BS.
Bill Amos@billamos:
This immunity thing has been debunked over and over again.
Have to add something here@ggirl1968:
She knows catching it over and over is bad, hear how she stammers to get “that’s a good thing” said out loud. Just unbelievable. She knows, they know.
Maggie Field@MWField:
Trying this out with other diseases:
“If you’ve had rabies recently, you’ve had a boost to your immunity. “
…. Cancer …..
…. Herpes …..
…. Pneumonia ….
Does it work for injuries as well as diseases?
“If you’ve been blinded recently, you can see better now.”
Shelley Ungrin@shelley_ungrin:
I’m so outraged that she continues to hold his important position with her blatant and harmful lies. Where is there any accountability? @GovCanHealth @cpsbc_ca
Irrelephant_Canuck@IrrelephantC:
How can we sue Dr. Henry? The harm she continues to cause cannot even be measured.
Sass@sasswashere:
It’s SARS. Inhaling this level of BioAgeht starts disease, damages immune system, will cause disability and or death, all ages. This is criminal. Where are the charges and adults capable of basic facts. She needs to be fired today
Bethany@BethanyEaton18:
Exactly. This is a neurotropic and vascular disease that causes brain injury by crossing the blood brain barrier. This misinformation she’s spewing is criminal. It wouldn’t be handled in a lab setting without full PPE.
Tom Jackman@frozen:
I know we’re all tired of this particular health official, but amidst the other nonsense yesterday Dr. Bonnie Henry seemed to recommend a completely discredited and harmful treatment for long covid sufferers: graded exercise therapy.
Unbelievable.
Bryan Gilbert@BryanVicBC:
Moderate exercise does not help. It can make the symptoms worse.
Tom Jackman@frozen:
Exactly. It’s appallingly dangerous advice for most long covid patients.
greenvie@greenvie:
Is she still going on like this? Un-effing believable.
Gin in a Teacup@GininaTeacup1:
She knows this is a lie.
She fully understands.
Catherine@mitote83:
How is she still a Doctor?
Easy answer: More money for the rich and to sicken as many of us as possible (same in AB, SK, Ont, etc – the evil Doc Henry heads Canada’s COVID response), including health care workers, prepping to privatize Canada’s health care for her rich friends to profit off, notably at Telus “Health” which awards for her social murdering and killing Canada’s public health care.
Novid Scotia | novidscotia.bsky.social@Nova_Thistle:
Deliberate lies from Public Health officials should be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. This is dangerous abuse of power will directly result in the death and disability of many people.
Inspired Aquariums@InspiredAquaCA:
Dr. Bonnie Henry, last week, telling BC that there is no need to keep doing rapid tests until you get a negative result.
She (wrongly) says that a positive test doesn’t mean you are still infectious to others. She claims that if your symptoms have resolved you’re not infectious.People having/showing no symptoms (more than 50%) also transmit the virus, while not knowing it, which makes it so dangerous. Mind you, humans are so fucking selfish and crass, they go party sick with many symptoms and don’t give a shit how many they sicken and or kill — the Fucker Truckers are a lovely example. FFS
Jason M@TheTrueJasonM:
Imagine being okay with going down in history as being vehemently pro-infection, & being responsible for countless deaths & permanent injuries due to your constant lies & spewing of disinformation.
If humanity survives, history will not be kind to Bonnie Henry & those like her.
Jason M@TheTrueJasonM:
Lawsuits definitely need to happen, as well as criminal trials.
2022 SARS2 Warnings:
…
A person at the centre of the storm, sounding alarms about T cell “dysregulation” since the early days of the pandemic, has been a U.S. immunologist named Anthony Leonardi.
By dysregulation Leonardi means three effects of COVID:
The hyperactivation of many T cells, which can prematurely age them
The exuberant function of those hyperactivated T cells, which can then cause organ damage
The exhaustion of those hyperactivated T cells, which implies they aren’t winning the battle against viral proteins they are supposed to defeat.In other words, argues Leonardi, T cells are becoming hyperactivated by SARS-CoV-2 and are prematurely aging, harming organs, and becoming exhausted trying to rid the body of an immune-evasive virus.
…
…
COVID is paving the way for other diseases
So the virus is getting better at thwarting vaccines and evading immunity. Although vaccine protection against hospitalization and death remains strong, it is being steadily eroded by Omicron’s subvariants. Meanwhile protection against severe disease has declined as the effectiveness of our vaccines progressively wanes.
Immunologist Anthony Leonardi, a specialist in T cells, which play a complex role in immune function, predicted such a development nearly two years ago. That’s when he speculated that COVID was destabilizing the immune system by subverting T-cell function.
And that is exactly what many researchers are now finding.
Leonardi bluntly describes the current state of things on Twitter: “There is a cumulative damage from SARS-CoV-2 reinfections, and reinfections are not mild, the virus is intrinsically virulent. Immune memory does not turn a SARS into something like a flu. It remains severe.”
So if each COVID infection depletes T cells and destabilizes immune function and the damage is cumulative, then policies that allow the virus to run riot through the population will not only cause immense suffering but erode public health along with trust in government. The word diabolical comes to mind. The British immunologist Danny Altmann compares the situation to “being trapped on a rollercoaster in a horror film.”
…
‘A nightmare scenario’
So letting the virus run unchecked is pretty much a strategy for creating a tsunami of neurological impairment and chronic illness in the general population. It is also a nihilistic prescription for sowing chaos in western societies already dancing a tango with political collapse.
…
Nili Kaplan-Myrth MD PhD@nilikm june 24, 2024:
Tragically, a patient of ours died of #Covid19 pneumonia this week.
You won’t hear about such deaths. Or about hospital outbreaks. Or the toll of long-Covid. Or that Covid levels are very high in Ontario and most of Canada right now.
Now you know.
Mask. Update your boosters.
Malgorzata (Gosia) Gasperowicz@GosiaGasperoPhD:
Babies have the highest SARS2 ICU admission rate among all age ranges.
They should be protected from infection by those around them and those around pregnant people & parents.
Things that’d protect newborns in NICU from infections w/ SARS2, RSV, Influenza
1) Mandatory N95s for staff & visitors (stops short range aerosol transmission)
2) Mandatory testing for RSV/C19/Flu
3) Vaxx requirement C19/Flu & other
4) Medical leadership implementing #1-#3
Safety of newborns (and their future health) hinges on point #4:
i.e. Medical leadership deciding to prevent irreversible health harms to newborns
AB, this week. Premies
“Although not stated, this is undoubtably the PLC NICU outbreak
So those 2 patients? are premature babies
and I’ve heard reports that the unit was indeed maskless when the transmission occurred
Christine Guenter@ChristineGuent8:
Looks like @Dave_Eby, #BonnieHenry @bcndp are more worried about an election than the lives they’ve been entrusted to protect. After all “fatalities are a part of life.” By refusing to report, hiding/manipulating data, and lying to the public, these imposters have cost many lives
They are social murderers
Ubaka Ogbogu@UbakaOgbogu:
My new least favourite thing is people telling me they have a cold “but it’s not COVID.” I get that all the fucking time, as I watch people’s cognitive function worsen and worsen with each new infection. Get away from me weirdo.
Debra sanitizing my hands like John said@DebraJ43:
Bonnie has told BC to be kind, calm and safe since 2020.
What she really meant was shut up and get infected, disabled or die while I lie to you, deny airborne transmission, withhold vaccines and antivirals & remove all NPIs, with a smile.Danielle Smith is just as disgusting a social murderer and agent of harm, and now is taking Albertan’s right to MAID away because she’s owned and ruled by religious terrorists.
T. Ryan Gregory@TRyanGregory:
Aside from 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, 2024 is the first year that anyone realized a potential link between COVID infection and type 1 diabetes.
chantzy@chantz_y:
My threads feed is filled with young people who are sharing they have cancer
I love being able to keep my face and smile (and fury) to myself behind my N95 when approached or assaulted by the endless misogynistic assholes out there. I hate when men tell me to smile. It’s quite funny (and disgusting) to see how furious some men get when they can’t see my mouth. They just can’t get it between their ears or legs, that I do not exist to serve them (I’ve experienced Alberta men — and women — tell me that the only reason I exist is to serve men and how dare I not be doing what God intended me to be doing – rape religion at it’s typical vulgar bottom of the septic tank). I LOVE hiding myself behind N95s in public. Best thing to happen to me ever.
@amandalhu:
I maintain one of the many reasons for the great unmasking is that the privacy that masks offer within public spaces meant that men couldn’t ask women to smile more. I often encounter a sense of entitlement to my interaction but when masks were widely used, it was lessened
Dr Rebecca Richardson@mavisclare:
A white (of course) dude (of course) on a bike saw me biking across the street and said “A female in a mask, not wearing a dress, good luck in this society female…”
This isn’t the first anti-masker I’ve run into, but the 1st to explicitly combine that phobia w/ their misogyny
@Amal4Solutions:
This dude has never ridden a bike in a dress.
Dr Rebecca Richardson@mavisclare:
Thank you, exactly!!
@leilacleigh:
The venn diagram of Covid minimizers, misogynists, and white supremacists is just one big circle.
I’m so sorry you had to deal with that
David Roberts@drvolts:
How do women not die of rage aneurysms every day?
NimbusCloudNugget@NimbusNugget:
We are regressing in every way on our way to extinction
Pantéa Javidan, JD, PhD@pjavidan:
Gender flies under the radar of what the far right are using to promote the fascist agenda, but patriarchy is at the heart of it. Now they’re also reviving the politicization of masks. These boys are dutifully parroting what their political daddies say to say.
Jackie Seidel, PhD@JackieSeidel1:
I was commanded by a white man health provider to take off my mask so he could “see my smile”. His exact words.Douche!
@myrabatchelder:
It continues to feel like Groundhog Day. So many people continue to be shocked to learn COVID-19 can lead to hearing and sight loss, organ damage, increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and PEs, and more. Patients and some media have been reporting this since 2020.
COVID HAS NOT ENDED.@PleaseSavemich:
Flying home, only one in a mask, coughing and snot nose everywhere, humans do NOT care. Not about themselves or others. Horrid, stupid species.yup. Most stupid, selfish, hideous, cruel species on earth; which is one reason why I refused to participate in creating another vile human.
Vancouver Island University presents Dr. Bonnie Henry with honorary doctorate, Convocation ceremonies were held June 12-14 at VIU gym on Nanaimo campus by Nanaimo Bulletin News Staff, Jun 14, 2024
B.C.’s top doctor has another doctorate to her name.
Provincial health officer Dr. Bonnie Henry was honoured with an honorary doctor of laws from Vancouver Island University this week. Henry was presented with her degree at a convocation ceremony held Wednesday, June 12, at the VIU gym.
The doctor, in her speech at the ceremony, noted that the 2024 graduating class included students who had high school grad festivities cancelled in 2020, and whose “entire university experience was in the shadow of this global pandemic,” bringing related challenges and uncertainty.
“Being here today at this celebration, this transition, shows how you overcame these changes, these hurdles and succeeded despite the challenges,” Henry said. “Maybe for some it seemed like climbing those 400 steps [at VIU campus] every day, at least metaphorically.”
The doctor said she sees more than ever how transformational university can be, not only as a place of learning, but a place to make “vital, life-changing connection” with others, including people who come from different places and have different ways of thinking.
Henry repeated her social murderingpandemic catchphrase of “be kind, be calm, be safe,” and talked about how that message still matters. She suggested that human connection and compassion can pull divided communities back together.
“While the COVID-19 pandemic defined the past few years, our collective emergence from this storm will define the years and the start of your careers to come…” she told the graduating class. “There is uncertainty in our future, yes, but we have the knowledge, the tools and a new understanding, I believe, of the connections, the strong bonds between us now to face it, to respond to the relentless uncertainty with unrelenting kindness.”
VIU, in a press release, indicated that Henry was honoured for leading British Columbia’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the drug-poisoning crisis, for other disease prevention and control and health protection in her role as provincial health officer, and for her career experience in public health, preventive medicine and global pandemics.
Other honorary degrees issued this week went to artist Guud Sans Glans (Robert Davidson), author Joan Mayo, business leader Matt Vickers, and Penelakut elder Thiyuas, Florence James.
Want to avoid getting COVID or avoid getting reinfected? Do not heed liars like Doc Henry or Danielle Fucking Hideous Liar Social Murderer Quisling Smith
Wear quality N95 respirator everywhere indoors in public (crowded or not, the virus can hang in the air for hours in an non ventilated empty shop or doctor’s office with uncleaned or unfiltered air) and out doors if around humans. Easy, economical, and variant proof and protects you also from other airborne contagion and extremely toxic wildfire smoke and frac fumes. Best, masks protect you from Alberta men with assholes for brains and hearts!
Numerous studies have proven how protective masks are.
I hate being sick. Every frac speaking tour I was invited to provide communities with some help ended in me being terribly sick for weeks afterwards. Had I worn N95s during those tours and especially during flights and train trips, I would not have been contaminated by airborne pathogens.
Since the SARSCov2 pandemic started, I’ve worn masks indoors in public and outdoors when around groups of people) and have not been sick. The only time I got COVID was when I attended an indoor event during one of the lowest times of COVID cases. Never again will I let myself be near humans without wearing an N95 or better. I remain stunned by the many who try to shame or physically assault me to remove my mask, many of them coughing and spewing. The worst at attacking me for protecting the vulnerable and myself are those that have had COVID; the more reinfections, the nastier the attacks.
Deb N-T@tryna_do_rite:
Yeah. The pandemic would be over in about 2 weeks if Keanu ran a mask campaign.
T. Ryan Gregory@TRyanGregory 2022:
Way too often “be kind” really means “be quiet”.
@chantz_y:
Why are journalists still defending her? No one is blaming Dr. Henry for creating the pandemic. We are blaming her for gaslighting us, denying airborne transmission, hiding data, lying about spread in schools etc etc etc…
@tamalama67:
Refusing people timely boostersAnd refusing Paxlovid and Novavax even though the feds provided all provinces with ample supply, denying usage of rapid tests in the middle of a wave, stating covid is endemic, downplaying the importance of masks, changing actual scientific definitions to suit her narrative..it’s her job to protect people, and she failed.
@dedrie77:
Gatekeeping vaccinations, ending timely public updates, refusing to answer questions, profiting from her position…
@BruceMurdoch7:
Dr.Henry has been getting awards for BC achieving the highest excess deaths in Canada. That might have something to do with “Bonnie’s fault”.Humans often reward evil. Look at the monstrous humans awarded the Order of Canada: Nazi hate-everything-not-white-male-christian, anti-health, anti-environment, appoint anti-charter dirty judges Harper and illegal aquifer frac’er Gwyn Morgan. It’s the fuckuppedness of our gloriously stupid species: awarding evil persons makes them look sweet and good, even saintly, to the ignorant masses.
GVBOT announces 2022 Rix Awards recipients 2022Board of trade gives social murderer liar Dr. Bonnie Henry award “on behalf of all BC healthcare workers?” What fucking fraud is this?
To deflect from how many residents she murdered and permanently physically damaged with her callous lies and brutal lack of care, or in other words, providing deadly care?
I notice Telus is a partner, so is Air Canada (getting rich again on the idiots back filling the skies). I was horrified at the time of this sleazy award how many intelligent people I know (some dead now from COVID) believe(d) the lies – the pandemic is over, it’s endemic, it’s just the flu, and are flying repeatedly for fun, doing big tours visiting family after family (I shudder to think of the transmissions, infections and mutations, suffering and death – COVID is a terrible way to die).
None of Canada’s health authorities are more evil than Dr. Killer Henry. She led SARS1, FFS, she knows the ‘S’ stands for SEVERE! She knows how airborne transmission works, that the virus is airborne and how vital N95 respirators are at preventing transmission.
2022 SPECIAL RIX AWARD FOR OUTSTANDING PUBLIC SERVICE – DR. BONNIE HENRY
Dr. Bonnie Henry
The COVID-19 pandemic thrust a host of public servants in British Columbia into the public light, but none more so than Provincial Health Officer Dr. Bonnie Henry. In recognition of her unparalleled contribution to protecting British Columbians throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, a Special Rix Award for Outstanding Public Service will be presented at the 2022 Governor’s Gala*on behalf of all British Columbian healthcare workers.Since when does Board of Trade represent health care workers in BC or anywhere?
Amid the fear and anxiety that accompanied the first wave of the pandemic, Dr. Henry’s immortal words “Be Kind. Be Calm. Be Safe.” embodied her approach to the province’s pandemic response. Over the course of hundreds of press conferences and media interviews in the ensuing months, her clear communications equipped British Columbians to take measures to protect themselves, their families and their communities, the success of which earned her a profile in the /New York Times/ titled “The Top Doctor Who Aced the Coronavirus Test”.
The leadership exemplified by Dr. Henry over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic has allowed our province to avoid some of the worst-case scenarios that unfolded in regions that were less successful in mitigating the impact of the virus. Concerted immunization efforts in communities across the province generated vaccination levels among the highest in the developed world, protecting British Columbians from the most lethal effects of the coronavirus.
Dr. Henry was appointed to the role of Provincial Health Officer in 2018 after serving as Deputy Provincial Health Officer for three years. A graduate of the Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine in Halifax, Dr. Henry’s career spans three decades, including serving as Medical Director of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control and Public Health Emergency Management with the BCCDC from 2005-2014. In 2009, she authored the book /Soap and Water & Common Sense: The Definitive Guide to Viruses, Bacteria, Parasites, and Disease/, after working to combat an Ebola outbreak in Uganda, eradicate polio in Pakistan It’s not eradicated thereand serving as operational lead during the 2003 SARS outbreak in Toronto.;
Past recipients include:
* CN (2020-21)
* Ledcor (2019)
* Beedie (2018)
* Whistler Blackcomb (2017)
* FortisBC (2016)
* Global BC (2015)
* Vancouver Fraser Port Authority (2014)
* TELUS (2013)
* Teck Resources (2012)
* Vancity (2011)
* RBC Royal Bank (2010)
* Vancouver Airport Authority (2009)
Fraudster Doc Henry, attended maskless, of course.
Part of her covid legacy:
endless (horrific) lies to the public and media, from day one while wearing lovely clothes and shoes, and telling us to be kind while lying killing lying killing innocents. Fuck, I was taught to be kind in kindergarten;
removed masks protections 2x;
gives no shit about new variants of concern killing many;
refuses to be honest about SARS spread in aerosols in the air we breath, killing many;
denied n95s/kn95s to health care workers, sickening many, killing how many;
refused filtration/HEPA in schools, sickening, killing how many.
Louise Hidinger, PhD@IngredientsbyL:
Why is no one wearing an N95 mask? Are there ventilation and air purifiers in place?
Bean & Sprout’s Mom@beansprouts_mom:
Because BC is home to award-winning infectologist Bonnie Henry.
Michael “oplopanax” Coyle@lithohedron:
I hope people in British Columbia sue Bonnie Henry for deciding to restrict the use of Paxlovid. My friend, who recently got cancer surgery, was denied it.
Nancy Elliot @TurtleMapper:
particularly because of the many studies now that show Paxlovid has benefits in the short and long term against COVID. It was never possible really to get in BC.
MUST READ!
Emails show Dr. Bonnie Henry knew of concerns over BC’s COVID-19 data and school exposures while publicly downplaying them, During what officials called a ‘daunting’ spike in school exposures, the provincial health officer maintained that spring break drove infections, not in-school transmission by Brishti Basu and Srushti Gangdev With files from Jimmy Thomson, Oct 24, 2022, Capital Daily
This article is a joint investigation by Capital Daily and the Burnaby Beacon.
Internal emails show BC public health leaders, including provincial health officer Dr. Bonnie Henry, had concerns about the quality of COVID-19 transmission data collected in schools—and that those concerns persisted in private, months after officials had started making claims to the media and the public on a regular basis that the risk of transmission in schools was very low.
These records also show an internal awareness of a “daunting” spike in school exposures and concerns about the ability of contact tracers to keep up with them, while publicly, health officials downplayed the spread of the virus in schools.
The emails were obtained as part of Freedom of Information Act requests by Burnaby Beacon and Capital Daily.
Repeated assurances about risk in schools
On multiple occasions between September and December 2020, Henry told the media at COVID-related press conferences that the risk of transmission at schools was very low.
Instead, she said, school-aged children more likely picked up the virus at home or at social events where there weren’t strict COVID protocols in place. And exposures in schools, she claimed at the time, were a reflection of transmission within the larger public, not the other way around.
On Sept. 28—two weeks after students in British Columbia returned to schools for the 2020 school year—Henry said parents shouldn’t “needlessly” worry about COVID-19 exposures at school.
At that point, Henry said there had been no instances of transmission or outbreaks reported at BC schools.
“What we are not seeing is schools amplifying transmission [in the province],” Henry said on Oct. 5. She said public health would be “monitoring closely,” given that the first two-week incubation period since school started had passed.
In November, when Henry put in place new restrictions on social gatherings, indoor sports, party buses, and non-essential travel amid a huge spike in cases in the community, she maintained that schools were seeing little transmission.
And she made a similar pronouncement in early December, when the province put in place sweeping restrictions on almost all social gatherings and events. She did, however, acknowledge that schools had recently seen a rise in exposure events.
“Those exposures still continue to reflect transmission in our communities, but we are not having large numbers of transmission events in schools,” she said.
“Those are very small, very few. We’ve had few outbreaks in schools, but they’ve been limited in number.”
Concerns were mounting among teachers, members of the public, and independent experts, however, that COVID prevention measures in schools were far from adequate and that there wasn’t sufficient evidence to claim transmission was rare.
Emails obtained by the Beacon show that Henry, along with BCCDC and Ministry of Health staffers, planned to give a press conference on Dec. 23, 2020 to present updated modelling numbers and hopefully assuage concerns from British Columbian parents and teachers about safety standards in schools.
On the morning of that press conference, Henry emailed Dr. Reka Gustafson (then deputy provincial health officer for BC), Dr. Patricia Daly of Vancouver Coastal Health, and Dr. Elizabeth Brodkin of Fraser Health, asking them to provide any data that showed transmission was low.
“Could you please give me some of the stats from your school assessments for the media brief today. We need to be able to give some data that supports what we keep saying transmission in schools is low,” Henry wrote.
“Data from your report Patty would be helpful and anything that indicates percent of cases in students versus teachers.”
At the press conference a few hours later, Henry told reporters “the data shows us that we are not seeing schools being a place where transmission spreads widely. When the safety protocols that are in place in schools are followed, it is a very safe environment and transmission is very unlikely.”
A Ministry of Health spokesperson told the Beacon and Capital Daily that Henry’s comments about the relative safety of schools in 2020 were based on reports like this one from The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, which was regularly updated until November 2021.
The version of that report updated most recently before the Dec. 23 press conference did suggest that transmission between children in schools was lower when infection control measures were in place. It also found that child-to-child transmission was much more common in those settings than adult-to-child or vice versa.
The authors of the report, however, cautioned that the certainty of the evidence was low and that findings could change as more data became available.
BC’s ‘relatively poor’ data
The emails also reveal challenges in compiling the data, which had to come from each individual health authority.
Staff had been working in the days leading up to that press conference to provide data on school transmissions to Henry.
But an email sent by Eleni Galanis from the BCCDC noted that the province’s available data on in-school transmission was “relatively poor.”
Meanwhile, a Dec.18 email from the Ministry of Health’s Christie Docking to Gustafson noted that requests to health authorities for school transmission data “have been met with hesitancy. It’s unlikely that we’ll have the information we need for the 23rd.”
“We still need to determine what can be presented provincially, given the differences in data collection regionally,” Docking wrote. “Our previous data requests only resulted in partial data from Interior and summary data from Northern.”
Docking noted that Vancouver Coastal Health had already sent data to its regional stakeholders, and suggested that Henry present that at the Dec. 23 briefing.
The ministry acknowledged to the Beacon and Capital Daily this week that there had been challenges in compiling that information from the different health authorities and that identifying transmission was a difficult task. For one thing, the contact tracing form the health authorities were using only asked whether someone with COVID-19 had attended school.
“Reporting data on school attendance prior to diagnosis was not sufficient to infer transmission at school,” the spokesperson wote. “During this time, the Provincial Health Officer and her team [were] participating in daily discussions with regional health authority MHOs about what they were seeing in schools and what the investigations into cases and contacts was revealing about exposure events and risk of transmission with these exposures as well as understanding the outbreaks that did occur in schools.”
The ministry noted that some more specific analyses from Vancouver Coastal Health and Fraser Health had been better at finding a cause or source of transmission, but said that had required a much deeper analysis of clinical records.
The Beacon and Capital Daily also asked the Ministry of Health why data described internally as “relatively poor” was presented to the public at the Dec. 23, 2020 press conference as evidence that in-school transmission was low.
In its response, the ministry attached links to three research papers that tracked COVID in BC schools and concluded that in-school transmission was rare. However, only one of the papers tracked COVID in schools before December 2020.
The other two tracked cases in schools between January and June 2021, and April to June 2021.
Victoria teachers noticed ‘daunting’ spike
Right before spring break, in April 2021, teachers and parents in Victoria were starting to sound the alarm about a spike in COVID-19 cases in classrooms.
According to Carolyn Howe, then vice-president of the Greater Victoria Teachers’ Association (GVTA) and a kindergarten teacher at South Park Family School, the school district had five exposure notices in the first two weeks of March, before the start of Spring Break on March 15. Up to that point, from September 2020 to the end of February 2021, there had only been three exposure notices.
Spring break seemed to exacerbate the issue. By April 9, there had been a total of 18 school exposure notices in the region. Though contact tracers were working at the time, staff were not told who was infected and had to rely on anecdotal information to keep themselves safe.
Meanwhile, Henry publicly continued to downplay the level of transmission happening in classrooms. She repeated these assertions multiple times at a press conference on April 15. “Schools are relatively low transmission environments,” she said at one point. “There is little transmission within the school itself.”
“Student and staff cases follow the trends in the community but … when they’re in the structured school environment, the rates of transmission are much much less,” Henry repeated in the press conference.
An email obtained by Capital Daily shows Henry was aware of the level of risk in classrooms, at least in the Island Health region, because it was communicated to her by Dr. Richard Stanwick, the region’s chief medical health officer, on April 3.
“Dee [presumably medical health officer Dee Hoyano] asked that I draw your attention [to] the significant spike in school exposures,” Stanwick wrote directly to Henry. “The number is proving to be daunting and there is a general concern that neither the contact tracers nor the schools are going to keep up with the current pace. Perhaps, in your messaging, you could again emphasize the importance of the parents keeping children home if they are sick and getting them tested.”
Henry did introduce new guidance at the April 15 press conference: keep children home from school if anyone in the household is sick. However this guidance was not a part of her original presentation, and was only added after a reporter asked about cases in schools.
In their responses to questions about Stanwick’s email, the health ministry and Island Health both stuck to the same script: that the email was about school exposures caused by transmission outside of school, during spring break.
“This did not reflect children getting sick in schools, but rather children returning to school after exposures in the community during the break,” the health ministry wrote in its statement.
However, Island Health also noted that it “does not have specific data on cases contracted within the school setting, as the source for COVID-19 cases cannot be definitively confirmed when there is a high level of community transmission.”
At her April 15 press conference, Henry noted that public health officials would be closely monitoring in-school transmission. But when asked this week how many children contracted the virus in school from April 2021 onwards, the health ministry shared data from much later in the year—three reports from October, November, and December.
The archived data section for K-12 schools on the BCCDC website is empty, and therefore also does not give us an answer about how many children got sick after April and before summer break.
Data discontent
School exposures and transmissions have been the source of a certain amount of discontent in BC’s data collection and release practices among some BC groups, including the BC Teachers’ Federation (BCTF) and the GVTA.
In May 2021, a leaked report from Fraser Health showed that public health had in fact been collecting data that showed the “directionality” of transmission in schools between January and March 2021—meaning that in cases where someone acquired COVID in a school, public health in many cases figured out who had given it to them.
Just hours before the report was leaked, Henry had told reporters at a press conference that the province did not collect data that showed the “directionality” of transmission in schools.
After the leak, the Ministry of Health said that when Henry told reporters BC doesn’t collect the information many people are looking for, which is “who transmitted to who,” she meant that information is not collected on a provincial level by the BCCDC or ministry. That’s consistent with the recently obtained emails, which revealed “challenges” in data discrepancies between health authorities.
Then-BCTF president Teri Mooring said her organization had been asking for that information for months and had been told it didn’t exist.
“It’s very frustrating. We’ve been told a number of times, because we’ve been asking consistently at the Ministry steering committee, we’ve been told ‘we don’t collect the data you’re looking for’; we’ve been told it’s messy data; it’s difficult to produce; technology is a problem; a lot of excuses,” Mooring told Burnaby Beacon last year.
“Then, we see information like this is produced. It can be produced.”
She said teachers and the public were hugely concerned about “the lack of an honest approach” in BC’s pandemic response communications.
“We deserve and should see that information in an open society. So why this government has been so opaque, and so lacking in transparency and the sharing of information, it’s really disconcerting.”
The leaked report showed that there were 2,049 confirmed COVID cases “associated” with Fraser Health schools between Jan. 1 and March 7. Thirteen per cent—or 238 of them—were the result of confirmed in-school transmission. Another 333 cases “likely” to have been acquired in schools were not included in that number, nor was an outbreak with 54 cases where there was a “unique context of transmission.”
A little over half of the cases involved students infecting other students.
In Victoria, the GVTA issued a press release on April 9 entitled “Lack of transparency in COVID leading to student absences, lack of confidence in school safety,” indicating the level of discontent in the data being released at the time.
“We are hearing from our members that they are not necessarily informed when a case is in their class, they have a student who is a close contact of a Covid case, or when siblings are affected,” GVTA president Winona Waldron wrote at the time. “Absences have dramatically increased as families try to make decisions about their risks based on scant information.”
Indeed, Capital Daily spoke to families at the time who had made the decision to pull their kids from school as a result of the uncertainty.
Waldron and the GVTA called for the province to publicly share data about cases in classrooms, and let people know whether it was a student or staff member who was ill, but those breakdowns were never made available, even to staff themselves.
According to Island Health, those who were affected directly were notified, and classrooms and school communities were informed of potential exposures “when deemed necessary by Public Health.”
Thinking back to April 2021, Carolyn Howe remembers feeling “let down and left in the dark by public health.”
“It wasn’t clear to us that there was a ‘daunting’ spike,” Howe said. “Teachers suspected that was the case. We saw illness in our classrooms; teachers were getting ill themselves.”
Hearing about Stanwick’s email and Henry’s awareness of the issue did not surprise Howe, but caused a lot of anger.
“It further undermines my faith in the way that public health has handled COVID in schools,” Howe said. “There’s no reason why these secrets should be kept. People deserve to know the risks that are there, and when these secrets are kept, it undermines everyone’s faith in public health and in the Ministry of Health.”
At the moment, despite COVID-19 continuing to circulate, data about cases and hospitalizations are still hard to come by in BC. Both official and unofficial counts suggest that actual case numbers are about 100 times higher than what is being reported. Try getting that data in Alberta
In Victoria, not only have teachers’ calls for safety measures, like adequate ventilation, been ignored, schools have now also scaled back on sanitization steps.
“Schools have had hours of custodial time cut,” Howe said. “Elementary schools are having their desks washed once a week now. We’re hearing from teachers all across the district that they’re concerned that there’s a degradation of health and safety standards.”
The union filed a grievance with the superintendent of SD61 on Sept. 8, and Howe says it is still waiting for a response. The grievance notice points to the updated Provincial Communicable Disease Guidelines K-12 School Settings, which requires frequently touched surfaces to be cleaned at least once a day.
Meanwhile, teachers across the district are continuing to report illnesses among their students at the same, or higher rates than April 2021.
“It’s pretty unfathomable that custodial time would be cut while clearly the pandemic is still raging,” Howe said.
***
Social Murderer-enabling Canadian Medical Association “Health” Summit 2023: Includes lying, aerosol-denying, anti-freedom (intentionally infected BC kids with COVID to study them without parental permission), anti-health, anti-science, anti-mask Dr. Bonnie Henry. Punt her~!
wanderlust@Notatmypicnic June 9, 2023:
For those parents whose children have been infected with COVID through the schools in British Columbia that now have long COVID after the removal of masks in classrooms while obtaining data for a seroprevalence study without consent and before vaccination this is a huge injustice
Barry Hunt – #DavosSafe@BarryHunt008 June 10, 2023:
So smoke particles the same size as SARS2 aerosols can travel thru the air from [Canada] to NY, & across the Atlantic to Norway, but some ppl still don’t believe SARS2 can travel thru the air down the hall & room to room?
Give me a break.
CovidIsAirborne
In my view, Dr. Bonnie Henry propagandizes that it’s fine for kids to be infected, and reinfected, over and over, to infect and harm as many citizens as possible, using kids in schools as mass spreading events with the intent to destroy public health care so as to bring in for profit rape and pillage, eg Telus Health etc. Pure evil. Have a read Dr Henry, and BC NDP:
Myth: It’s Not Dangerous for Children
We show by longitudinal multimodal analysis that SARS-CoV-2 leaves a small footprint in the circulating T cell compartment in children with mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 compared to adult household contacts with the same disease severity who had more evidence of systemic T cell interferon activation, cytotoxicity and exhaustion. Children harbored diverse polyclonal SARS-CoV-2-specific naïve T cells whereas adults harbored clonally expanded SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells. A novel population of naïve interferon-activated T cells is expanded in acute COVID-19 and is recruited into the memory compartment during convalescence in adults but not children. This was associated with the development of robust CD4+ memory T cell responses in adults but not children. These data suggest that rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in children may compromise their cellular immunity and ability to resist reinfection.
The systematic review and meta-analysis of mental health problems in long COVID among children showed that anxiety and depression were significant mental health problems in the population. Children with previous COVID-19 infection had more than two times higher odds of having anxiety or depression and 14% higher odds of having appetite problems.
Type 1 Diabetes Incidence and Risk in Children With a Diagnosis of COVID-19 (2023)
A diagnosis of COVID-19 in children was associated with an increased incidence of type 1 diabetes since 2020 in Bavaria. The findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection contributed to the observed increase in type 1 diabetes incidence during the pandemic. Undiagnosed infection, which represents the majority of SARS-CoV-2 antibody–positive children,5 could also have contributed to the moderately increased incidence of type 1 diabetes observed in children without a COVID-19 diagnosis. Possible mechanisms include initiation of autoimmunity or acceleration of disease progression.
We present the clinical and laboratory characteristics of four COVID-19 neonate patients with acute hepatitis during the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant wave. All patients had a clear history of Omicron exposure and were infected via contact with confirmed caregivers.
Newborns are a high-risk group for COVID-19 in the condition of postnatal infection during the Omicron variants epidemic. Besides fever and respiratory symptoms, the clinical doctor should pay much attention to evaluating the risk of liver function injury after SARS-CoV-2 variants infection, which is usually asymptomatic and has a delayed onset. If the patient was co-infected with other pathogens, the symptoms and signs might be severe and long-lasting. It takes time for liver function recovery, so the patient should be followed up closely after discharge.
Almost one-fourth (537/2148) of our hospitalised participants were neonates. These were babies born in hospital to COVID-19 positive mothers (84.2%, 452/537) or those brought to hospital with illness, or history of contact, and tested positive (15.8%, 85/537). In the cohort of neonates born to COVID-19 positive mothers, 67.3% (304) were asymptomatic, 8.2% (37) had mild illness, and one-fourth (111) had severe COVID-19 but the overall mortality was 0.9% (4). However, in the cohort of neonates with community acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection, almost half (40) had severe COVID-19, and 13 (15.3%) died
Maternal SARS-CoV-2, Placental Changes and Brain Injury in 2 Neonates (2023)
Long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae are a potential concern in neonates following in utero exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We report 2 neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers, who displayed early-onset (day 1) seizures, acquired microcephaly, and significant developmental delay over time.
To our knowledge, the 2 cases described here represent the first time that neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers present with a neonatal clinical course mimicking hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy of the newborn. There was no preceding clinical event in labor that heralded an acute hypoxic-ischemic event in either case, and the neurologic sequelae extended well beyond the neonatal period. Both placentas and brains showed evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the placentas displayed alterations in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
Post-COVID-19 Sequelae in Children (2023)
The prevalence of post-COVID sequelae in children is highly variable among studies, with an average of 25%. The sequelae may affect many organ systems, though mood symptoms, fatigue, cough, dyspnea, and sleep problems are common.
COVID-19 is a new disease, and it is difficult to predict the course of its sequelae. Most studies have shown a steady decline in the prevalence of persistent symptoms over time [2,3,4,5,6, 18]; however, the maximum reported follow-up duration was 12 mo only. Therefore, it is currently unknown how long these symptoms will persist and what the long-term outcome of COVID-19 in children will be.
COVID-19 Associated Vasculitis Confirmed by the Tissues RT-PCR: A Case Series Report (2023)
In the studied patients, the following systems were involved: skin (4/4), respiratory (3/4), cardiovascular (2/4), GI (2/4), nervous (1/4), eye (1/4), kidney (1/4), and inner ear (1/4). In all previously healthy patients, known rheumatic diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic juvenile arthritis, autoinflammatory diseases, and antiphospholipid syndrome) were ruled out, as well as known monogenic autoinflammatory disease. All patients had increased inflammatory markers (ESR and CRP) and thrombotic parameters (D-dimer). No patient met the MIS-C criteria. Two patients met the criteria of polyarteritis nodosa, one met the IgA vasculitis/Henoch–Schonlein purpura criteria, and one met the unclassified vasculitis criteria.
Thrombotic events remain an important effect of COVID-19 in adult and pediatric patients. Macro- and microvascular thrombosis of arteries, veins, arterioles, capillaries, and venules of internal organs were found in patients who died of COVID-19. It is known that normal vascular endothelium regulates the coagulation process and might be the source of proinflammatory cytokines.
COVID-19 is not just a new respiratory infection that causes severe lung damage. Detailed studies of the pathogenesis require a better understanding of COVID-19 mechanisms of damage to vital organs, such as blood vessels, the heart, lungs, and brain. Endothelial dysfunction, which has already been found in young patients, is perhaps a new and still underestimated challenge.
Ocular manifestations of COVID-19 in pediatric patients (2023)
The ocular signs in most cases are mild and limited to conjunctival hyperemia or chemosis. However, the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who present with severe ophthalmic disorders indicate high viral load and severe pathological changes systemically.
COVID-19 Heart Lesions in Children: Clinical, Diagnostic and Immunological Changes (2023)
In mild COVID-19 in childhood…they can have the second phase, related to the exacerbation of inflammation in the heart tissue even if the viral infection was completely eliminated—post infectious myocarditis.
Currently, analysis of long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2’s impact on the body of children and adults is ongoing. Approximately 20–55% of patients in young and middle age with COVID-19 were hospitalized, and up to 18.5% of them had a severe course of the disease, wherein patients with cordial and vessels pathology, especially children, including children with congenital pathology, take special place.
Thus, extensive evidence suggests that the heart damage in COVID-19 is triggered by systemic hyperinflammation caused by viral infection.
There is an incomplete understanding of the course as an acute infection and its subsequent manifestations such as Long-COVID-19 or Post-COVID-19 (PASC) in the pediatric population, correlations with comorbidities and immunological changes. It should be added that the clinical manifestations and mechanisms of damage, including the heart, both against the background and after COVID-19 in children differ from those in adults.
The results of this systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis reveal that children and adolescents may experience persistent lung imaging changes, lung function abnormalities, cardiorespiratory symptoms, fatigue, decreased exercise capacity and functional limitations beyond 3 months after COVID-19 infection. The most commonly reported symptoms included fatigue and dyspnea. Exercise limitations were identified in 1 in 5 studies, and functional limitations were reported in almost half of the children and adolescents studied. The lingering effects of COVID-19 identified in youth are similar to those in adults, but less prevalent.
Findings of post COVID-19 CT chest scans or X-rays were reported in 4 studies, which identified persistent abnormalities in 10% (n = 21) of the patients studied. It is important to note that CT and X-ray abnormalities within the paediatric population may be underrepresented due to limiting factors such as radiation safety regulations.
Although long COVID is primarily considered a respiratory tract infection, it is well-documented as a multisystem disease in both adults and children that can adversely affect other organs. However, the effects of long COVID on the cardiovascular system remains unclear. It has been primarily suggested that a condition termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been temporarily associated with the post-acute phase of COVID-19. MIS-C can occur in asymptomatic children and is characterized by disturbances in cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms.
Additional long COVID-19 symptoms identified in this review, such as heart rhythm disturbances, chest pain/tightness, persistent fatigue, and decreased exercise capacity, are commonly reported in patient’s experiencing dysautonomia, a medical condition of autonomic dysregulation that can be triggered by various viruses.
COVID-19 and Acute Neurologic Complications in Children (2022)
Of the 15,137 COVID-19-associated hospitalizations, 1060 (7.0%) children had a neurologic complication. The most common neurologic complication was febrile seizures (582, 3.8%) followed by nonfebrile seizures (352, 2.3%) and encephalopathy (332, 2.1%). The least common neurologic complications were brain abscess or bacterial meningitis (19, 0.13%), and cerebral infarction (8, 0.05%).
We also found that neurologic complications were associated with more intensive resource use, increased ICU admissions, longer ICU LOS, and higher hospital costs, as compared with those without neurologic complications. Deaths and readmissions were also more common among those with neurologic complications. These findings suggest that children hospitalized with COVID-19 who experience neurologic complications are at risk for worse clinical outcomes.
By 2 to 4 months after hospitalization, 32 of 119 (26.9%) patients with acute COVID-19 had persistent symptoms or activity impairment; with 27 of 119 (22.7%) having persistent symptoms and 17 of 119 (14.3%) having activity impairments. Fever and respiratory symptoms, which were common upon admission, had resolved at follow-up, but fatigue or weakness persisted in 14.3% of patients. Patients with persistent symptoms or activity impairment most frequently had respiratory, hematologic, or gastrointestinal organ system involvement during hospitalization. Patients with impaired activity had longer ICU stays compared with those without impaired activity (11.0 days [IQR 4.0–26.5] versus 4.0 days [IQR 2.0–7.0], P = .01), whereas there was no difference in length of ICU stay among patients with and without persistent symptoms.
In this multicenter follow-up study of United States children and adolescents hospitalized with acute COVID-19 or MIS-C, more than 1 in 4 patients had persistent symptoms or activity impairment after having 2 to 4 months to recover from their illness. Fatigue or weakness were the most common symptoms in both children with acute COVID-19 and MIS-C, followed by cough and shortness of breath in the acute COVID-19 group, and headache in the MIS-C group. More than 1 in 5 patients with MIS-C were not able to walk or exercise at their prior level.
We analysed a cohort of 53 paediatric patients (29 males, 55%), mean age 7.5 ± 4.7 years, who had a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and were asymptomatic or only mildly symptomatic for COVID-19…SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect left ventricular deformation in 26% of children despite an asymptomatic or only mildly symptomatic acute illness.
Our findings are supported by studies showing increased admissions,1 mortality rate,3 and absolute numbers of deaths2 among children with SARS-CoV-2 vs influenza…Even with pandemic-era public health measures in use, we observed more PICU admissions from SARS-CoV-2 between April 2020 and June 2021 than from influenza during the preceding 2 years. Absence of public health measures when SARS-CoV-2 variants similar to the original and Alpha strains are in circulation would likely lead to a volume of critical illness and death in unimmunized children that is markedly higher than what is typically seen with influenza.
Incidence of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Among US Children During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic (2002)
From March 19, 2020, to March 18, 2021, 187 children (mean [SD] age, 9.6 [4.2] years; 106 girls [56.7%]; 81 boys [43.3%]) were admitted for new-onset T1D compared with 119 children admitted the previous year, which represents an increase of 57%. For part of the COVID-19 year (July 2020 through February 2021), the number of new diagnoses of T1D exceeded the number of patients anticipated within the 95% CI based on a quarterly moving average of the preceding 5 years (July 2020: 15 diagnoses; 10 forecasted diagnoses; 95% CI, 6.79-13.89; February 2021: 21 diagnoses; 10 forecasted diagnoses; 95% CI, 6.88-13.54)
Our study extends existing evidence on post-COVID-19 syndrome among children and adolescents. We observed relevant post-COVID-19 healthcare utilization and new-onset morbidity patterns documented by physicians in children and adolescents following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large sample of patients with confirmed COVID-19 compared with a matched control group.
The main strength of our analysis is its broad database including more than 150,000 individuals with available data in the post-COVID-19 phase. This unselected sample from all over Germany covers both outpatient and inpatient care and, thus, constitutes a unique and comprehensive source of evidence.
In this study, new T1D diagnoses were more likely to occur among pediatric patients with prior COVID-19 than among those with other respiratory infections (or with other encounters with health systems). Respiratory infections have previously been associated with onset of T1D, but this risk was even higher among those with COVID-19 in our study, raising concern for long-term, post–COVID-19 autoimmune complications among youths.
Of the 123 children in this review, 29 (23.6%) patients remained asymptomatic, 17 (13.8%) were diagnosed with pneumonia, and 66 (52.8%) reported upper respiratory infection symptoms.
Our review showed that 41.6% of cases presented with only one non-specific symptom. Therefore, symptom-based screening is neither sensitive nor specific as a tool to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in children; for example, only 62.4% of patients presented with fever. Furthermore, children presented with a variety of other non-specific symptoms referable to the upper respiratory tract (fever, cough, nasal congestion), gastrointestinal tract (vomiting, diarrhea), or neurologic system (headache, seizure). A recent meta-analysis also described fever and cough as the most common presenting symptoms in children with diarrhea occurring in a minority of patients.43 While anosmia and ageusia have been described as early symptoms of COVID-19 in adults, we did not identify a single case in our study that reported these symptoms in children. However, this may be due to a reporting bias as young children may have difficulty articulating these symptoms. As several cases had prolonged shedding of viral material in fecal samples detected by PCR assays, the role of fecal-oral transmission also needs further investigation.
Cerebrovascular Complications of COVID-19 Disease in Children: A Single-Center Case Series (2022)
This work presents a case series of four children diagnosed with severe cerebrovascular disease in association with recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, yet no patient from the group met typical diagnostic criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.
It is generally believed that COVID-19 infection in children usually has an asymptomatic benign course. However, in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, we are more likely to encounter diseases that have rarely been seen before that share a common denominator of past COVID-19 infections.
Here we describe multi-organ pathological alterations in the post-mortem tissues of a 14-month-old child, who died of respiratory failure that complicated COVID-19. Our findings revealed microthrombi in veins and arteries in addition to pulmonary involvement resulting in congestion, bronchiolar injury, and collapsed alveolar spaces. The brain exhibited severe atrophy and neuronal loss.
During the fall and winter months of 2020 and the first three months of 2021, 19 children were hospitalized in the pediatric department of University Hospital “N. I. Pirogov”, Sofia, and were found to meet the diagnostic criteria for MIS-C. Most of them exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms, some to the point of imitating acute abdomen, accompanied by highly elevated inflammatory markers—several children presented with elevated liver enzymes, as well as hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia.
In all our MIS-C patients, the disease ended with complete recovery. One patient had MRI data for myocardial infarction (but the child recovered). Unfortunately, one child developed a complication—hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd Chiari syndrome). The latter underwent successful liver transplantation. In the COVID-19 group, we observed complications only in the ICU group—one exitus letalis and one thrombotic complication (post-stroke hemiparesis). All other children were followed up (at between 1 and 3 months). We did not record any complaints or permanent disabilities and objectified complete normalization of paraclinical parameters.
CDC Quietly releases Guidance for Certifying Deaths Due to COVID-19: “Emerging evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, can have lasting effects on nearly every organ and organ system of the body weeks, months, and potentially years after infection”
Vital Statistics Reporting Guidance, Report No. 3 Guidance for Certifying Deaths Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Expanded in February 2023 to Include Guidance for Certifying Deaths Due to Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 by CDC, Released April 2020, Expanded February 2023,
“…Documented serious post-COVID-19 conditions include cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, renal, endocrine, hematological, and gastrointestinal complications (8), as well as death (13).”
A few tweets:
tern@1goodtern March 5, 2023:
Another massive holy cow huge piece of news, so this will probably get about ten likes and disappear into the twitterhole:
CDC say this:
“the virus that causes COVID-19, can have lasting effects on nearly every organ and organ system of the body weeks, months, and potentially years after infection”
How the fuck is this not news everywhere?
Social Murder by lying health authorities (Dr. Bonnie Henry and her changing the definition for death by COVID has been, in my view, the worst, followed by Dr. Deena Hinshaw), cowardly politicos and corporate rape and pillage enabling media. Their billionaire masters want to keep making ever more money off human suffering, gotta keep easily conned and lied to humans out in public, not protecting themselves or their loved ones, spending money. Humans might stop flying if they knew the truth about how harmful the virus is, notably to our immune systems. Short sighted greed-induced stupidity though. Now, after killing how many million, the rich are realizing mass COVID-caused worker deaths are risking their profits and the global economy.
I told you there would only be bad news about Covid for a very long time.
It feels like some important people are finally realising the same thing.
Glad the cdc are finally saying this
THREE YEARS AFTER IT WAS OBVIOUS
May 14, 2020:
Just because it starts with flu-like symptoms, it doesn’t mean that’s where it ends.
Polio
Legionella
Lyme Disease
HIV
TB
Leishmaniasis
Syphilis
Hepatitis
Smallpox
Histoplasmosis
Anthrax
Fricking Anthrax
They can all start with flu-like symptoms.
That phrase “every organ and organ system”.
What systems do you have in your body?
Nerve system
Lymph system
Cardiovascular system
Blood system
Oh boy
Digestive system
Renal system
Endcocrine system
Mucous membranes
Screw all the minimizers
They can literally go and throw themselves in a pit of fire.
… At this point, I feel like I’m just here to witness the foolish life choices of a generation and see them sentencing themselves to early senescence.
Cursed to know.
And cursed to see and understand.
Cursed to be helpless in the face of their abject stupidity. …
I think a few medical professionals need to reexamine that hippocratic oath. Their wilful ignorance of the effects of Covid is first of all doing harm. …
Every precaution you take to make it less likely you catch Covid makes it even more less likely that you will give someone Covid. …
magna carta holy whale @KraftsNKush:
You forgot to mention the skeletal system—which is most definitely directly affected by the blood system.
Flater831 @flater831:
That’s too much work. They’d rather suffer a horrible death after having a nice meal
Friesein@Friesein:
When someone says their COVID-19 infection wasn’t even that bad, tell them to watch out for increased secondary infections in the months to follow.
Mild acute infections are a red herring. Don’t lose sight of the real problem: chronic immune dysregulation and organ damage.
AKJ (email hidden; JavaScript is required on Mastadon) @littleakj – insta@AmandaINC:
When I think of all the symptoms I’d like non-maskers to experience it’s hard to pick just one. Do I go with “electric dread”, “creepy spine”, “Covid eyes”, “Covid calves”, “lead body”, “hot stickers” or do I just go w/something simple like rotten seafood smells for life?
What forever haunts me is how the virus changes behaviour in those it infects, even after causing only mild symptoms initially. There is no herd immunity with this virus, every reinfection makes the risks/harms worse.
Just Keep Swimming @colorful_scarf:
This is why going back to in person school without adequate classroom air purification will be looked back on as one of the poorest decisions in history.
Vik West @VictoriaEWest:
CDC finally quietly admits what many of us saw already.
Adel Brown@adelbrown:
So, the perfect time to get rid of masks in cancer centers, hospitals, dialysis facilities, long-term care homes, clinics. You know, where vulnerable people congregate. (/s)
@GovInslee… stop the additional illness and disability & additional mental health crises sure to come.
Papa Mojo Jojo @PapaMojoJoeJoe:
Looks like employers will be hit with WORKERS COMP claims.
Maybe even Wrongful Death Lawsuits.
What would doctors who don’t protect their patients get?
CovidIsNotOver #COVIDisAirborne #HEPA #DavosSafeForAll
@CDCgov
@CAPublicHealth
@lapublichealth
@UCSF
Alex B.@serendipity5460:
Repeat infections are not sustainable long term. Even if they’re “mild”. Protect yourself and advocate for clean air in indoor spaces. We’re doing untold damage to children with this “mild” business.
The Leaf Bookshop@leafbookshop:
Do you want the bad news? And that’s right there is no good news…
Bunny Peculiar@bunny_peculiar:
Nothing to see here. Move along. And mock those ‘still’ wearing a mask as you do so…
Mat Wright – MASK, BOOST AND KEEP ON MASKING@matpVI:
US CDC quietly updates warnings about the impacts of even asymptomatic or ‘mild’ #Covid19 infections
This should be banner headlines in media, but nerp – everyone has been gaslit into denial
CDNpoli #BCpoli
Most humans are incredibly lazy and selfish, preferring lies to the truth, which is why so many love and worship Trump, Steve Harper, Pierre Pepperhead (aka Poilievre), Danielle Smith, Jason Kenney, Doug Ford, etc and worship satanic Drs Henry & Hinshaw. I expect many ordinary people flaunting health projections know.
Mary Annaïse Heglar@MaryHeglar:
The reason climate denial and COVID denial are so easy to sell is because who wants to believe this is real? You don’t have to work hard to sell a pretty lie when reality is so ugly.
***
‘9 Dream@GayFabFourFan Mar 2:
New CDC update:
“Emerging evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, can have lasting effects on nearly every organ and organ system of the body weeks, months, and potentially years after infection.”
“Documented serious post-COVID-19 conditions include cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, renal, endocrine, hematological, and gastrointestinal complications (8), as well as death (13).”
It appears the CDC quietly added this update in February to its guidance for certifying deaths due to COVID-19. https://cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvss
@nytimes, @washingtonpost, @latimes@TODAYshow, @CBSMornings, @GMA, @nbcbayarea, @mehdirhasan, @alroker
This should be on billboards. Can we get anyone to cover this?
@guardian, @TIME, @FortuneMagazine, @business
h/t I originally saw this earlier this week via @sarasrabbithole. I nearly fell out of bed after reading it and verifying the source.
Since so many businesses, doctors, and people in general base their risk assessments on what the CDC says, let’s share this new guidance with them. I assume we’ll still encounter denial and willful cognitive dissonance, but it’s a start.
Go Ask Alice@sarasrabbithole Feb 28:
When completing death certificates, certifiers should carefully consider the individual’s medical history to consider the “possibility that the death was due to long-term complications of COVID-19, even if the original infection occurred months or years before.”
This is why we know COVID deaths are undercounted. The CDC is just now advising hospitals to consider folks’ COVID history for death certificates. We know that COVID has long term negative health outcomes, and it’s been killing people long after their initial, acute infection.
Lenore Raven@LenoreRaven Feb 28 Replying to @sarasrabbithole:
I knew that about 10 months after I had COVID. Had a heart attack & severe kidney issues. No warnings, no apparent causes. From that moment on, I just assumed COVID was far more dangerous than the CDC/government realized.Or wanted to admit. Had to heed orders from the rich to keep people out spending money in restaurants, bars, flying on planes, etc.
***
Finally, a politician (Florida’s DeSantis, fascist Danielle Smith’s proclaimed role model) let’s slip the real reason kids (known to cause 70% of COVID transmission in the home) were/are forced into schools and daycares with zero health protections during a airborne viral pandemic that kills and or causes brain damage, immune dysfunction and more (even in mild or asymptomatic cases), and for which “herd immunity” is known not to exist (yes was spewed endlessly by our social murdering award-winning “health” leaders.
More than 70% of US household COVID spread started with a child, study suggests
T. Ryan Gregory@TRyanGregory:
Is there a pattern whereby the worse a public health leader did in protecting the public, the more awards they win?
Thomas Kennedy@tomaskenn:
DeSantis, who has given billions in corporate tax giveaways to his special interest donors, is saying that he is counting on people dying early to not pay them Social Security and Medicare.
Sue Davis@arcticsue:
Anybody paying attention could’ve guessed this years ago.In Canada too, from coast to coast to coast. Bonnie Henry is Canada’s lead for the pandemic, not just BC’s. Henry was involved in SARS1 in Toronto in 2003; she’s known for years that coronaviruses are airborne and evade herd immunity.
K8@CoastalK8:
I think this is part of the unspoken plan for U.K. Very Dickensian to reduce the “surplus population”. Keeping people alive is too costly so we will deny the harms of covid let everyone enjoy there “freedom”whilst people (not simply the elderly) quietly slip away…
@HowellMelanie:
Yep. Not surprised there. His handling of Covid was evident as to his intent.Likewise, it seems, Bonnie Henry’s in Canada. It was clear to me years ago, from her very first lie and incessantly pimping of hand washing as a miracle tool for an airborne pathogen, and intentionally sickening kids in BC so she could study them (without parental consent). Social murderer getting non stop awards, order of BC, honorary degrees, all publicly pimped across the country to con the citizenry into sickening themselves. Pure evil. She’s more evil than Gwyn Morgan and Encana/Ovintiv intentionally illegally frac’ing a community’s drinking water aquifers.
@CaroCriDuCoeur:
this is the mantra of all our leadersand reportedly, directed by corporations, notably fossil fuel companies that are saving billions of dollars from pensions of those murdered via COVID.
2021: Covid set to shave as much as £60bn from corporate pension costs
No wonder the Fucker Truckers were heavily financed with millions of dollars to propagandize Canadians with cruel disinformation while sickening/killing many with COVID, and dividing and conquering the citizenry with the quickly won end game to obliterate all public health measures. And why our politicians caved to them so quickly, notably in con provinces.
and it’s the same in France
we are no longer fooled
it’s awful
Hi2u@RETsetLife Mar 29, 2020:
Y’all are deliberately killing elderly and disabled people because you want their social security money. You’re letting the insurance companies abuse power and people. This is one of the biggest cash grab scams in United States history.
Christine Marshall@Christi58721332:
So was that the Covid response plan all along?I believe so, notably in Canada when Bonnie Henry was made lead on the pandemic, and why the lies about 2 metre distancing and droplet dogma. The virus is airborne, and can quickly fill a room with poor ventilation and no filtration. Two or ten metres apart will not prevent transmission; focusing on fomite transmission (which wasn’t a thing) led to many getting sick via the air they breathed. Just incredibly evil, and nearly everyone fell for it.
Every time a new terrifying study is published, and some people begin to catch on to the con, Bonnie Henry is suddenly slathered with another award to make the people go back to being unquestioning, unthinking transmission machines. The media pimping Henry as hero, which most do, and again as in this recent garden case, are social murder agents.
Nate Bear@NateB_Panic:
How many lives are public health authorities ruining with the mass infection strategies that fail to inform people that covid remains such a big health risk for anyone? A horrendously dark period for public health
La psychologie@unpsychologue:
UK corporate pension funds have saved 30 billion pounds in liability. #SARS2
Pamela Banting, PhD@PamelaBanting:
Albertans, take note. DeSantis is our Premier’s role model, according to her own statement.I think he’s model for many Canadian politicians, Danielle Smith is just gross enough to voice it.
Rebecca Massey Penney@PenneyMass53310:
Well well…Blatant Eugenics is recognized here.
Cyndia BLUE “Unstable Genius”@malinablue:
Maybe that’s why GOP push anti-vaccine propaganda.And why the heavily dark money financed Fucker Truckers did/do too.
Michael “oplopanax” Coyle@lithohedron Aug 26:
In British Columbia, Bonnie Henry repeatedly told this lie: the made the claim, without evidence, that schools were safe and COVID was from community spread. She was caught lying about data.
This is criminal behaviour.
Some tweets on Bonnie Henry’s new honour to hide her being a social murderer:
MarcusHWeber:
UPDATE: The garden has died of covid.
Jeff Cavanagh@JeffCavanagh1:
Is it a virus-filled garden?
Jo Ann Lawrence@JoAnnLawrence56 Aug 26:
We need to start naming cemeteries after her.
Aurora Borealis@swimminglaps:
Oh oh…It seems the more harm done, the more rewarded…
Terry @Bnkr_Chk2:
Is it called the Bonnie Covid Garden?
Mike@vancitygardener:
is this a poison garden?
Dr Ruth Marshall is Kicking Against the Pricks@wtfis2bdone:
This has to be a sick joke. Absolutely unbelievable.
Michael Wade @mwade60:
Poisonous plants, no doubt.
Patachara@pondering2:
you know what would be a whole lot more meaningful to the people of BC?
A memorial garden for all who have died both of and with covid and we could invite people to name it
Way better idea. Whose with me?
Wanda Thompson@Wanda_WestCoast:
The garden is a good idea.
Naming it after Henry is beyond offensive.
wendi bloomenthal@wendibloomenth1:
Pathetic . How many more honours can we bestow upon the person responsible for the most excess deaths in the Country .?
Gary B@The_Gary_B:
It would be more appropriate to name a cemetery after her, given how many deaths have been caused by her misinformation (droplet dogma, denial that COVID is airborne, insistence that kids don’t spread COVID, “masks are not part of our culture,” etc.)
Mirth – Respirators Rule! #SlavaUkraine@MirthDAL:
Canada had low rates of covid, until provinces followed policies like Dr Henry, of “let ‘er rip”. School closures led to lower rates of death and disablement by covid. Going forward, schools need masks and improved ventilation/filtration (#CleanAir)
marcushenryweber.bsky.social@MarcusHWeber:
UPDATE: The garden has died of covid.
Iris Parker, Masked Criminal. #FireBonnie Henry@IrisParkerAU:
She LIED and said kids weren’t getting sick and schools were safe, whilst simultaneously profiting from exactly the opposite. She lied about MANY things. She’s an ACTIVE eugenicist reponsible for the deaths/disability of countless BC’ans. This is humiliating and gross. #Eugenics
Tannis@tanniscook:
Disgusting that this horrible person is still get undeserved accolades. #fireBonnie
***
Victoria garden named in honour of Dr. Bonnie Henry by Tanara Oliveira, Aug 25, 2023, Oak Bay News
… Named in honour of Dr. Bonnie Henry’s leadership during the pandemic, this garden embodies community collaboration and the therapeutic embrace of nature. As the first private business in Victoria to take such an initiative, we are not only proud of our achievements but hope to set a precedent for other businesses to follow.” …
Refer also to: