Showdown looms over B.C.s gas exports by Nathan van der Klippe, February 5, 2013, The Globe and Mail
Billions of litres of water a year. Thousands of expensive wells. New roads. Many hectares of trees felled and land cleared. Camps to house thousands of workers.
At the same time, the West Coast export of Canadian natural gas carries the promise of so many billions in new revenues that its government has taken to comparing it with Albertas oil sands. Some of the final regulatory obstacles to large-scale gas exports have been settled, and recently a small project called BC LNG said it had signed gas sales agreements that could allow it to start construction soon. But the province has spent less time discussing the scale of industrialization that will be required, for many decades, to enable those exports of gas from B.C.s northeast to ship to Asian customers. Natural gas is promoted as a clean-burning fuel but getting it out of the ground remains a potentially messy process. The spectre of large tracts of boreal forest carved up by intensive gas drilling has already prompted one local first nation to prepare to do legal battle against new gas pipelines. Its an early warning that, like oil, natural gas exports stand to prompt a showdown over the environment.
We are not going to let them get away with it, said Lana Lowe, director of land and resources for the Fort Nelson First Nation, whose traditional territory encompasses much of the Horn River shale gas play, which is likely to serve as a major source of gas for export. She added: The major concern is what happens in five years when its all systems go and we have 10 oil companies drilling our land and taking all our water.
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Using current technology, the hydraulic fracturing extraction method required for each well sucks down roughly 20 million litres of water. At 450 wells a year, thats roughly nine billion litres a year, enough to supply water to residents of a city the size of Calgary, with 1.1 million people, for more than a month. Companies such as Encana Corp., Nexen Inc., Apache Corp. and Devon Energy Corp. have already applied to the B.C. government for water licences totalling 11.1 billion litres a year although the province says the largest of those, an Encana application for three billion litres, represents 0.024 per cent of annual runoff from the Fort Nelson River. Still, B.C. needs to prepare before those volumes of water are pumped below ground, said Eric Swanson, a director with the Dogwood Initiative, a B.C. environmental group. Before any government gets too excited about [LNG development], theyve got to sit down with the first nations and figure out what the pace and scale theyd like looks like and see how much water we actually have, he said.
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In times past, industry might carpet bomb an area with wells, said Mike Wood, vice-president of Canadian development for Talisman Energy Inc. But we dont do that any more. As many as 24 wells can now be drilled from a single cleared location. People in the gas-rich areas of northeastern B.C., he said, would probably never see this stuff its in a very remote area.
There is little doubt that large-scale gas drilling would bring change. It already has in places where it has begun. At Talismans Farrell Creek play, for example, worker camps have already rivalled the population of the nearby town of Hudsons Hope, B.C. To supply the water it needs, Talisman built twin 18-inch pipelines that travel 45 kilometres to the Williston Reservoir. The pipelines were intended to replace the 400 to 700 trucks hauling water for hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, operations.
Peter Doig, a former financial analyst, recalls visiting the area in late 2011, when the pipelines were being built. The industrial activity was incredible, he said. And that was a small taste of what youre going to see as far as building roads, building pipeline access and the amount of earth-moving equipment youre going to have up there. Youre going to be tearing down huge tracts of forest.
Ms. Lowe, the lands director, intends to fight whats coming, saying it stands to negatively affect a region that is home to moose, grizzly bears and caribou. Its really quite beautiful. The Serengeti of the North, they call it, she said. LNG exports are, she added, a disaster waiting to happen. [Emphasis added]
[Refer also to:
AEA: Support to the identification of potential risks for the environment and human health arising from hydrocarbons operations involving hydraulic fracturing in Europe ”A proportion (25% to 100%) of the water used in hydraulic fracturing is not recovered, and consequently this water is lost permanently to re-use, which differs from some other water uses in which water can be recovered and processed for re-use.” [Emphasis added]
The National Energy Board’s 2009 Primer for Understanding Canadian Shale Gas – Energy Briefing Note
“Flow-back water is infrequently reused in other fracs because of the potential for corrosion or scaling, where the dissolved salts may precipitate out of the water and clog parts of the well or the formation.” … “Drilling and hydraulically fracturing wells can be water-intensive procedures; however, there is very limited Canadian experience from which to estimate potential environmental impacts.” ]